회사 소식 What is extruder speed control?

First, it's important to understand which component the extruder speed control controls. The core of an extruder is the screw, which acts like a conveyor belt. The raw material is propelled forward by the screw's rotation, simultaneously being mixed, melted, and shaped under high temperature and pressure. Therefore, speed control primarily involves controlling the screw's rotation speed, such as the number of revolutions per minute (usually in r/min). Besides the screw, some extruders also control the feeding speed—the rate at which raw material is added to the machine. This is coordinated with the screw speed to prevent excessive material buildup that could clog the machine, or insufficient material that could cause the screw to idle.

Second, speed control isn't about arbitrarily adjusting the speed; it's about matching the speed to demand. For example, when producing plastic pipes, if the screw rotates too fast, the raw material stays in the machine for too short a time, resulting in insufficient melting before extrusion and causing bubbles and cracks in the pipes. Rotating too slowly, on the other hand, leads to low production efficiency, resulting in minimal output per day. Therefore, speed control must be determined based on the characteristics of the raw materials: harder materials may require a slower screw rotation to allow sufficient time for grinding and melting; softer materials can be processed well with a faster rotation. It's like kneading dough: hard dough needs more kneading (slower speed), while soft dough can be kneaded faster to form the desired shape.

Furthermore, speed control needs to be "precise and stable." Modern extruders have dedicated "speed control systems," not relying on manual adjustment by feel, but using motors and controllers to precisely control the rotation speed. For example, if the screw is set to rotate 50 revolutions per minute, the system will stabilize it at that speed, preventing sudden changes. If the speed fluctuates, the extruded products will be of inconsistent thickness—for example, feed pellets may be large or small, and plastic pipes may be thick or thin, rendering them unusable. Therefore, extruder speed control is about "setting the right rhythm" for the machine, ensuring each step proceeds according to the rules, guaranteeing product quality without wasting time and raw materials.

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